MY BEST TOUR

Shimla - Manali - Dharamshala - Dalhousie - Amritsar 

Our tour started from Mumbai. We boarded a train for Kalka via Delhi.

KALKA - 

Kalka is a town in the state of Haryana. The main reason for arriving at Kalka is the rail route for Shimla lies through this town.The Kalka-Shimla rail road is a UNESCO world heritage site. The total distance from Kalka to Shimla is 96kms. With 103 tunnels and 864 bridges this surely is the India's best rail road.

KALKA CITY

There are many trains leaving for Shimla. They have 12 stops in between from Kalka to Shimla, including both the stations. Total time taken is around 5 Hrs 30 Mins 

But there is one express 'Shivalik Express' which is a deluxe express and has only one stop for picking up breakfast at Barog. The total travel time is around 4 Hrs 30 Mins.

For info on Shivalik Express click here.

So, we boarded the train at around 5:20 am. The train started at 5:35 am. The journey was beautiful and calm.

ON ROUTE TO SHIMLA

It was summer time. But as we were climbing up the hills, the heat was getting less intense. Around half way mark, the train came to halt at the beautiful small station of Barog. After a small halt of around 10 mins, during which breakfast was loaded on the train and many passengers freshend themselves, the journey began. Soon breakfast was served and we reached Simla at around 10

am.

SHIMLA STATION

SHIMLA - 

Facts and places to visit - 

It is the capital city of Himachal Pradesh. It is the hub of India's tourism sector. Even in the early days of the British rule, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India.

Imp Facts - 

Height                           : 2,397 meters 

Languages                     : Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi, English

Best time to visit           : Every time is the best time irrespective of season or reason.

Clothing                        : Light woolens in summer. Heav woolens in winter.

Communications           : Connected by telephones, internet etc. 

Food available               : From Chinese to South Indian and continental, every type of food available                                          here.

Accomodation                : Vast number of hotels and lodging available.

How to reach - 

• By road - Connected to all important cities by roads. Private cars and government run buses are available. Broad roads with beautiful sceanic landscapes makes it the best hilly road to travel.
• By railways - 
• Broad guage trains to Kalka from Kolkata, Delhi, Amritsar.
• Narrow guage trains from Kalka to Shimla.
• By airways - Nearest airport in Jubbarhatti, Kullu 23 km from the Shimla. Daily flights from Delhi to Kullu available.

Places to visit - 

• The Ridge - It is a large open spacious platform from where the entire mountain range of the Shimla. The snow covered peaks and the mist covered mountains are best things to see. 

• Shimla Mall - A large shopping place for tourists. From small-scale goods to branded shops like Woodlands, Reebok etc can be found. Many travel agencies are also available at this place. So if u want to rent a car for private tours, they are available. This place also has a large number of food stalls, so you will never feel hungry. !!!

SHIMLA CHRIST CHRUCH ON THE MALL AREA

• Kali Bari - A famous temple for all followers of Goddess Kali. Located on the same hilltop as the mall. Around 20 mins of straight walk from the ridge will lead you to this temple.

KALI BARI

• Kufri - Located in the city of Shimla. It is located on a hill slope . This place is famous for winter sports. Many tournaments are held in this place. Tourists can check this place in winter for skiing and all other winter fun. 

• Naldehra - It is located at around 22 kms from Shimla. This place is famous for its golf course. It has the country's oldest 9 hole golf course. It also has a picnic spot. A small horse ride leads one to the spot. From the top, River Satluj can be seen. There is also a temple of nagas. The speciality of this temple is that it opens only twice a year, once during 'NagPanchami' and other during 'MahaShivratri' .

RIVER SATLUJ FROM NALDEHRA

• Green Valley - On the return road from Naldehra, you can catch this beautiful valley. The entire area is surrounded by pine trees, making it look like a green valley.

GREEN VALLEY

• Local sight seeing places include - 
• Indian Institute of Advanced Study - This majestic building was also known as the summer house of British India. A majestic building of the British era, though some parts are in construction to keep its grand look. There are guides available for entire tour of the building.

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDY

• State Museum - Houses Himachal's rich heritages. Many sculptures, paintings, artifacts are preserved. It is closed on Mondays and holidays.
• There are two more temples in Shimla like Sankat Mochan temple and Tara Devi temple.

After two days stay at Shimla, we started our trip further for Manali. The road for Manali passes through the town of Kullu. With river Beas running parallel with the road, this road too is one of my favourite roads in this entire trip.

RIVER BEAS ON WAY TO MANALI

KULLU - 

The town of Kullu is an important town because of the fact that, this town has an airport at Bhuntar. As said earlier there are commercial flights from Delhi to Kullu daily. This place is well connected to both Manali and Shimla via road. 

KULLU CITY AT A GLANCE

There are also many rafting points along the road to Manali. Kullu also houses the best stores for handmade woolen materials.

At around 7:30 pm we reached Manali. We checked in a Himchal Pradesh Tourism Dept.'s hotel - 'Hotel Beas'. This hotel is situated right on the banks of Beas.

MANALI - 

Facts and places to visit - 

A beautiful city with lots of things to do.

Imp Facts - 

Height                           :  2,050 meters above sea level.

Languages                     : Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi, English

Best time to visit           : April to October

Clothing                        : Light woolens in summer. Heav woolens in winter.

Communications           : Connected by telephones, internet etc. 

Food available               : From Chinese to South Indian and continental, every type of food available                                          here.

Accomodation                : Vast number of hotels and lodging available.

How to reach - 

• By road - HPTDC buses from Delhi are available, which is a bit long tour (around 570 kms). Buses from Shimla are also available, distance is around 280 kms.
• By railways - 
• Broad guage trains upto Chandigarh
• Narrow guage trains, nearest station is Jogindarnagar (180 kms)
• By airways - Nearest airport in Bhuntar, Kullu. Around  one and half hour drive to Manali.

Places to visit -

• Rohtang pass - It is located at 51 kms from Manali, at a height of 3,978 meters (13,050 ft). This place connects Kullu valley with Lahaul valley in Himalayas. It is also a direct road for Leh-Manali highway. It is a high mountain pass in the East Himalayas.

The roads at some places are quite difficult to drive. But they are wide enough to let two vehicles pass together. The roads are open from May to November for tourists. The remaining time it will be a challenge for all drivers.

For tourists, it is advisable to start early in the morning in order to reach the highest point in the pass. Also known as the Zero point. The more late you start to leave, the more difficult it will be to reach the zero point. Reason for this is, high traffic. Many people try to reach the point resulting in massive traffic problems. 

We left our hotel at 4 am am and reached at around 7 am. At first, everyone was fuming about having to start early, because in chilly morinings it's difficult to get up early in the mornng, that too at 4 am!! At a point, we thought we were the only ones travelling that early, soon we overtook around 10 cars on the way, which was the best part. !!

ON THE WAY TO ZERO POINT

ON THE WAY TO ZERO POINT

THE ZERO POINT

Though it was the month of May, the roads were completely covered with snow on both sides. The only bad luck for us was, the day after our trip to Rohtang, there was snow fall. So we missed that part. 

SNOW COVERED ROADS

• Solan Valley - On our way back from Rohtang, we took a small detour to this place. Speciality of this place is Sky-diving. Ticket rates are a little high !!!

• Vaishist Muni Temple - The next day we started the trip with a visit to this temple.

The main attraction of this temple is the hot water spring. Almost every tourist come to take a bath in those hot waters (not warm !!). Actually medically, it helps to reduce back aches and other muscular aches. 

VAISHIST MUNI TEMPLE

• Hidimba Devi Temple - Next stop at Hidimba devi temple. Though a rakshasi, She is prayed by hundreds of devotees. The place is beautiful. Opposite to the temple compund, there is a small fair ground. There is even yak rides available.

HIDIMBA DEVI TEMPLE

• Manu Temple - Next to Manu temple.

A very famous place in Manali. This temple is dedicated to the Indian sage Manu. He is considered to be the creator of the world and the writer of Manusmriti. It is also the only Manu temple on the earth. For foreigners, it is a must go place.

MANU TEMPLE

After three days stay at Manali, our trip continued to Dharamshala. On the way, a short detour led to Manikaran.

MANIKARAN - 

This place is famous for its hot water springs. It is actually located inside a Gurudwara. The temperature of the water is so high, that temple trustees use that water to make rice. The water actually boils. The small well from where the boiling water comes is also a tourist attraction.

MANIKARAN GURUDWARA

The Gurudwara is located on the Parvati river. A further trip on the return road will take to a point where the Beas and Parvati river meets. Though not a tourist spot, but cannot be missed. !!!

MEETING POINT OF PARVATI AND BEAS

The blue river is the Beas river. And the muddy river is the Parvati river.

Further trip, we reached Dharamshala. The trip was a little uncomfortable. At a point, we were completely at the foot of the Himalayas. The temperature was very hot. But soon we started ascending and weather was cool again. The trip was a long one. We started at around 9 am and by the time we searched for our hotel and checked in, it was late 8 pm. Quite a journey.!!!!

Enroute there was a shiva temple, a beautiful one. Sorry I don't have any pics. Too tired to click them..!!!

DHARAMSHALA - 

Facts and places to visit - 

Home to the Tibetians and The Dalai Lama. A quite, calm and beautiful place.

Imp Facts - 

Height                           :  1,457 meters above sea level.

Languages                     : Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi, English

Best time to visit           : May to October. Please avoid monsoon.

Clothing                        : Light woolens in summer. Heav woolens in winter.

Communications           : Connected by telephones, internet etc. 

Food available               : From Chinese to South Indian and continental, every type of food available                                          here.

Accomodation                : Vast number of hotels and lodging available.

How to reach - 

• By road - HPTDC buses from Delhi, Shimla, Manali, Chamba, Chandigarh.
• By railways - 
• Broad guage train station Pathankot
• Narrow guage trains, nearest station Kangra town.
• By airways - Nearest airport in Gaggal, Kangra town.

Places to visit -

• Mcleodganj - The main town of Dharamshala.

It is the residence to The Dalai Lama. It is also the headquarters to the Central Tibetian Admnistration. There is also a museum depicitng the life of the Tibetians, their conflicts and their lifestyles.

A SMALL CHURCH ALONG THE ROAD TO MCLEODGANJ

HPCA STADIUM FROM A HILLTOP IN DHARAMSHALA

• Bhagsu Nag Temple - Located on the outskirts of Dharamshala, it is the main temple in Dharamshala. Actually, the earlier name for Dharamshala was Bhagsu. 

BHAGSU NAG TEMPLE

Next, we left the town of Dharamshala and continued our trip towards a small town of Dalhousie.

DALHOUSIE - 

Facts and places to visit - 

Imp Facts - 

Height                           :  2,036 meters above sea level.

Languages                     : Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi, English

Best time to visit           : May to October. Please avoid monsoon.

Clothing                        : Light woolens in summer. Heav woolens in winter.

Communications           : Connected by telephones, internet etc. 

Food available               : From Chinese to South Indian and continental, every type of food available                                          here.

Accomodation                : Vast number of hotels and lodging available.

How to reach - 

• By road - Vastly connected by roads from Chandigarh, Manali, Delhi, Amritsar
• By railways - 
• Nearest railway station at Pathankot
• By airways - Nearest airport at Pathankot.

Places to visit -

• Khajjiar - A small table top land where mostly tourists come for picnics. A very good spot for lazying time. With a cool climate this is the best picnic spot, !!

A SHIVA TEMPLE WITH AHUGE STATUE IN FRONT OF IT NEAR KHAJJIAR

KHAJJIAR

• Chamba Valley - A few Kms away from Khajjiar takes you to the valley of Chamba. Located on the banks of river Ravi, This beautifual city has a beautiful temple of Laxmi-Narayan. 

LAXMI-NARAYAN TEMPLE

• Local sight seeing includes shops, water-falls and roadside scenery. 

Actually the reason for staying at this place is to take rest for our last and final destination Amritsar.

AMRITSAR - 

Facts and places to visit - 

Home to the Tibetians and The Dalai Lama. A quite, calm and beautiful place.

Imp Facts - 

Height                           : 234 meters above sea level.

Languages                     : Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi, English

Best time to visit           : October to March.

Clothing                        : Light cottons as temperatures vary from 28° to 49° in summer. And winter                                           temperatures are 18° to -4°

Communications           : Connected by telephones, internet etc. 

Food available               : Mainly punjabi food (which is the best). Other kinds are also available.

Accomodation               : Vast number of hotels and lodging available.

How to reach - 

• By road - Amritsar connected by many national highways and state highways.
• By railways - 
• Nearest railway station at Amritsar
• By airways - Nearest airport at Amritsar.

Places to visit -

• Golden Temple - The most famous and the most holiest gurudwara. The real name of the temple is Harminder Sahib, commonly known as The Golden Temple.

The temple compund is very clean and every devotee entering the premises of the temple must have a scarf on their heads. People of all religion and caste are allowed to enter the temple. Even the stay at the temple premises is free of cost.

THE GOLDEN TEMPLE

•  Jallianwala Bagh - The worst and the most important moment in the history of India's freedom struggle, is the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Hundreds of innocent Indians were killed mercilessly at this place.

This place is a memorial place for the brave Indians who died in the firing. The entire place has been well kept and the gardens surrounding the area has been well maintained.

THE AMAR JYOTI

BULLET HOLES FORMED DUE TO THE CONTINUOUS FIRING OF 1650 BULLETS

THE MEMORIAL TOMB

• Wagah Border - The last and the worthy place to visit is the Wagah Border. A well gaurded border between India and Pakistan.

The main tourist attraction is the border ceremony that takes place in the evening. The flag lowering ceremony or 'THE BEATING RETREAT CEREMONY'.

Soldiers of both the countries stand in attention at the gates. At sunset, soldiers from both sides ie BSF and Pakistan Rangers lower their respective flags, fold them, salute and handshake each other and finally close the gates.

The next day, we boarded the train to Kolkata and our tour ends here.

This tour was the most memorable and the best tour of all the tours I had till now.

Photos taken by my dad and me. !!!

ULTRASONIC OBJECT DETECTION & FIRING A WEAPON

Hi and welcome back.

As an engineering student, I had to make a project on sound. So as I was working on arduino, I suddenly got an idea of making a radar using ultrasound. So actually, it is an obstacle detector with an auto-firing gun.

Ultrasound is an oscillating sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertzes.

GENERATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVE -

• An ultrasonic wave is generated when an electric field is applied to an array of piezoelectric crystals located on the transducer surface.
• Electrical stimulation causes mechanical distortion of the crystals resulting in vibration and production of sound waves (i.e. mechanical energy). The conversion of electrical to mechanical (sound) energy is called the converse piezoelectric effect.
• Each piezoelectric crystal produces an ultrasound wave.
• The summation of all waves generated by the piezoelectric crystals forms the ultrasound beam. Ultrasound waves are generated in pulses and each pulsecommonly consists of 2 or 3 sound cycles of the same frequency.

ULTRASOUND IMAGING -

• An ultrasound image is generated when the pulse wave emitted from the transducer is transmitted into the body, reflected off the target and returned to the transducer.
• The transducer waits to receive the returning wave after each pulsed wave. The transducer transforms the echo into an electrical signal.
• This electrical pulses generated are then used for various purposes.

ULTRASOUND RECEPTION –

• The transmitted wave, on hitting the target, gets scattered and some part of it gets reflected.
• The angle of the incidence is also a major determinant of reflection.
• An ultrasound wave hitting a smooth mirror like interface at a 90 degree angle will result in a perpendicular reflection, while at an angle less than 90 degrees will result in the wave being deflected away from the transducer at an angle equal to the angle of incidence but in the opposite direction.
• When this happens, the signal of the returning echo is weaker.
• Specular reflection occurs at flat, smooth interfaces where the transmitted wave is reflected in a single direction depending on the angle of incidence.
• For specular reflection the wavelength of the ultrasound wave must be smaller than the reflective structure.
• Scattering occurs when the incident wave encounters an interface that is not perfectly smooth.
• Echoes from such surfaces, are generally weaker than those returning from specular reflectors.
• Scattering also occurs when the wavelength of the ultrasound wave is larger than the dimensions of the reflective structure.

SONAR –

SONAR, SOund Navigation And Ranging system, is a technology which uses ultrasonics. In this system, a short ultrasonic pulse is send at certain time intervals. When there is an obstacle, the wave gets reflected from the obstacle, and gets collected by the receiver.

The time duration is calculated and the distance is measured between the obstacle and the transmitter by using the following formula -

Distance = Speed * Time

where →

speed = 340 m/s i.e. the speed of sound, as ultrasonic waves are sound waves.

time = duration between sent and received pulse. But it is always taken as time/2 for one way pulse.

This technology is most widely used in submarines and ships to check the depth of the sea.

Before starting any project, it is mandatory to prepare an architecture. You shoud always decide how the project will finallly look like. This process helps to speed up the coding as well as to realize the project in reality.

First, the components used -

• Arduino uno 
• Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04. There are others available, you can use any one you want.
• Mini servo motors. The hobby motors has enough torque and weight capacity to move.
• Jumper wires, Header pins etc.

Next, decide the architecture. Decide where to place the sensor and a gun and the other components.

First the architecture decided was - 

The sensor has a measuring angle of 15°. To make sure that the sensor does not scan the ground on which it is resting, the sensor is placed at a certain height.

The height is calculated as follows –

The max range of the sensor is decided by the user: Let it be ‘x’

The triangle is right angled so –

sin (7.5) = x / (max height)

Thus the maximum height can be found out.

Same as the above calculation, for a right angled triangle –Since the sensor has an angle of sensing, the gun placed above it must also be placed at an angle, so that it will correctly strike the target at the midpoint.

tan (ß) = (max height of gun over sensor) / (distance between gun and sensor)

where – ß = Tilt angle for the gun with horizontal.

It has an error of midpoint calculation. Since the aperture of the sensor is 15°, it becomes difficult to perfectly point an object at the midpoint of the object.

Another error that arises is that, the angle communicated to the other servo holding the gun, will be the starting angle at which the object is found. So the gun might fire at a location where the object just starts, resulting in not perfectly hitting of the object.

Well the final idea that was decided was -

But the problem of edge detection was still persistent.

So now I had to do something in the coding to correct that error.

Algorithm - 

• Initialize all variables required. Initialize servo pins, sensor pins, I/O ports.
• Rotate the servo motor on which sensor is mounted.
• For every angle, the motor rotates, call the function to scan the area.
• Scanning function checks for one ping. One ping is checking for one pulse of trigger pin
• If obstacle detected, stop servo motor and return the distance to calling function.
• If obstacle not detected, return ‘-1’ to calling function and keep on scanning.
• If obstacle is detected, then check the angle at which object is detected.
• Return the angle value to another function controlling the gun position.
• In gun position function, calculate the angle required for the gun mounted servo to rotate so that, it comes to rest at the position where the obstacle is.
• Once angle is calculated, rotate the servo to that position.
• Call a function to fire a gun.
• Gun fires.
• Stop the entire process, and continue scanning to check for more obstacles.
• If obstacle detected again, restart the entire process.

Circuit Diagram --

Code - 

#include <Servo.h>                               //Library for servo motor

#include <NewPing.h>                         //Lib for using the ultrasonic sensor

#define trigPin 12                                  //Initializing the trigger pin at 12

#define echoPin 8                                  //Initializing echo pin at 8

#define maxRange 50                            //Maximum range of sensor is 4m. Used here is 50cm.

#define minRange 2                               //Minimum range for perfect reading is 2cm.

NewPing sonar(trigPin, echoPin, maxRange);

Servo servo1;                                          //Setting up servo

Servo servo2;

long duration, distance;

int servoPin_1 = 9;

int servoPin_2 = 10;

int ledPin_1 = 13;

int ledPin_2 = 11;

int a = 0;

int q = 0;

float x = 10.00;

float y = 0;

float f = 0;

int o = 0;

float r = 0;

void setup()

{

  Serial.begin(9600);           

  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

  pinMode(ledPin_1, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(ledPin_2, INPUT);

  servo2.attach(servoPin_2);                         //Attach servo2 to pin10

}

void loop()

{

  int i;

  servo1.attach(servoPin_1);

  // Scans the entire object till the time object is in detection.

  // As detection finishes, the angle of the motor turned, till object is found, is recorded

  for (i = 10; i <= 170; i++)

  {

    servo1.write(i);

    long z = sense();

    Serial.println("ZZ");

    Serial.println(z);

    if (z > -1)

    {

      a = i;

      Serial.println("AA");

      Serial.println(a);

      servo1.detach();

      sevoPos(a,z);

    }

    delay(50);

  }

  for (i = 170; i >= 10; i--)

  {

    servo1.write(i);

    long z = sense();

    if (z > -1)

    {

      a = i;

      Serial.println("AA");

      Serial.println(a);

      servo1.detach();

      sevoPos(a,z);

    }

    delay(50);

  }

}

// Function for sensing the area, scanning the area 

long sense()

{

  digitalWrite(trigPin,LOW);          //Don't send pulse

  delayMicroseconds(2);               //Wait for 2 microseconds

  digitalWrite(trigPin,HIGH);         //Send a ping or pulse

  delayMicroseconds(10);              //Wait for 10 microseconds

  digitalWrite(trigPin,LOW);          //Don't send pulse

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin,HIGH);   

  distance = duration/58.2;           //Calculate distance in cm

  if (distance >= maxRange || distance <= minRange)

  {

    Serial.println("NO OBJECT");      //no obj detect

    return(-1);

  }

  else

  {

    Serial.println("OBJECT DETECTED");      //obj detect

    Serial.println(distance);

    return(distance);

  }

  delay(50);

}

 //For angle calculation

long sevoPos(int m, long y) 

{

  if (m <= 90)

  {

    float s = 90.00 + m;                                //Takes inside angle in degrees

    Serial.println("SS");

    Serial.println(s);

    float b = (s*71.00)/4068.00;                    //Converts into radians

    Serial.println("BB");

    Serial.println(b);

    float p = sqrt(x*x + y*y - 2*x*y*cos(b));  //Calculates the length

    Serial.println("PP");

    Serial.println(p);

    float c = (y*sin(b))/p;                               //Sine of the angle req. in radians

    Serial.println("cc");

    Serial.println(c);

    float d = asin(c);                                   //Sine inverse in radians

    Serial.println("DD");

    Serial.println(d);

    float e = (d*4068.00)/71.00;                 //Converts radians into degrees

    Serial.println("EE");

    Serial.println(e);

    float f = 90 - e;                                  //Adds the total angle for second servo from its starting point

    Serial.println("FF");

    Serial.println(f);

    o = (int) f;

    Serial.println("OO");

    Serial.println(o);

     q = o - 3;

  }

  else

  {

    float s = 180.00 - m;                                     //Takes inside angle in degrees

    float r = 90.00 + s;

    float b = (r*71.00)/4068.00;                        //Converts into radians

    Serial.println("BB");

    Serial.println(b);

    float p = sqrt(x*x + y*y - 2*x*y*cos(b));  //Calculates the length

    Serial.println("ZZ");

    Serial.println(p);

    float c = (y*sin(b))/p;                  //Sine of the angle req. in radians

    Serial.println("cc");

    Serial.println(c);

    float d = asin(c);                          //Sine inverse in radians

    Serial.println("DD");

    Serial.println(d);

    float e = (d*4068.00)/71.00;      //Converts radians into degrees

    Serial.println("EE");

    Serial.println(e);

    float f = 90 + e;                          //Adds the total angle for second servo from its starting point

    Serial.println("FF");

    Serial.println(f);

    o = (int) f;

    Serial.println("OO");

    Serial.println(o);

     q = o + 3;

  }

  servo2.write(q);                                   //Moves servo2 upto the point the object is found.

  for(int j = 0; j <= 5; j++)

  {

    digitalWrite (ledPin_1, HIGH);

    digitalWrite (ledPin_2, HIGH);

    delay (1000);

    digitalWrite (ledPin_1, LOW);

    digitalWrite (ledPin_2, LOW);

    delay (500);

  }

}

A gun was not used, instead leds were used to show gun firing. After completing the project, the final look was -

The gun made here is a paper gun. A toy gun can also be used, where servo motor may be used to trigger the gun.

APPLICATION :-

This concept can be used in fishing. Ultrasonic sensors work best underwater, than above the water, because of attenuation. The sensor will be allowed to rotate freely under the water, while there will be a harpoon on the boat, ready to fire at the fish.

Once, the ultrasonic sensor detects the movement of the fish, it will relay the position of the fish. And accordingly the hook will be fired and it will pull out the fish. !!

FUTURE SCOPE :-

• The concept of ultrasound can be used for automatic flight stabilization of any drone or quadcopter flying at a relatively low height. In some military scenarios where, a quadcopter is needed to be flown at a very low height for reconnaissance mission. To avoid being detected by radar, any flying object is needed to be flown at an altitude less than the minimum radar height. In such cases, the ultrasonic sensor kept on the belly of the craft will automatically detect the height for which it is flying. A fixed value of altitude is given and the drone is instructed to fly at that given altitude. If by any mistake the height increases or decreases, the ultrasonic sensor will detect the change in height from sensor to ground. It may then increase its rotor speed and rise or fall to its desired altitude.

• Another scope for this project is, it can be used to track down any person. Ultrasonic sensor on its own is precise but it cannot differentiate between non-living objects and living objects. This problem can be solved by using a heat sensor. Each and every thing has a unique heat signature. This property can be exploited by using heat sensors and infrared detectors to precisely pinpoint any object or person needed to be shot down. The ultrasonic sensor will detect the objects in front of it. Then the heat sensors and infrared sensors will check for the different heat signatures. Correspondingly it will track down the object needed.

• Automatic driverless cars can use ultrasound to detect obstacles and drive. Driverless cars use a microcontroller to make an image for itself. All available sensors make a virtual image for the microcontroller. Accordingly, it will drive the car. It can use ultrasonic sensors placed on its sides to check for obstacles. If anything is present, it will tell the micro-controller to steer the car away from it.

Thank u .... 

The structure was made by my friend Nimesh Khopade.

Image and project was developed by myself and Shrikant Pal

Thank u once again ... 

Any suggestions or coding problems please do comment......